| dc.description.abstract | Bruce A. Bitter’s essay What Is Ministry? explores the doctrine of the public ministry within Lutheran theology, tracing its biblical foundation, historical development, and theological distinctions. Through nine theses, Bitter argues that the public ministry is a divine institution rooted in Christ’s mandate to the apostles, distinct from the universal priesthood of all believers. He emphasizes that while all Christians serve in various vocations, the public ministry uniquely administers the Means of Grace—Word and Sacrament—essential for faith and the church’s survival. Bitter critiques modern expansions of the term “ministry,” advocating for its reserved use to describe the divinely instituted office, while recognizing Christian service as Spirit-led and valuable. He also addresses auxiliary offices, the two kingdoms distinction, and the need for clarity in terminology and doctrine. The essay serves as a thoughtful contribution to ongoing discussions within Lutheran circles on church and ministry.
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